This species has been observed on Reunion, Mayotte, Mauritius, Madagascar and Seychelles Islands
Order : Nudibranchia
Suborder : Euctenidiacea
Superfamily : Phyllidioidea
Family : Phyllidiidae
Distribution : Tropical Indo-West Pacific, including Red Sea.
Maximal size : 70 mm
Abundance : Frequently on the fore reef zone
Species characteristics :
The rhinophores of this sea slug are gold in colour
The dorsum has a gold background.
Variant 1 : The coalescent black area (undulating lines in that specimen) is bordered with white area.
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Showing species characteristics... |
Photo Emmanuel Eby
Variant 1: Reunion, Saint-Leu 6 May 2004. |
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Other variants of Phyllidia ocellata :
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Florence Trentin
Variant 2 :
The 8 to 10 black areas, bordered with white aren't coalescent.
Reunion, |
Olivier Aubrespine
Reunion, Saint Pierre lagoon, 29 April 2003, size 20-30 mm.
Variant 3 :
The 8 to 10 black areas are included in a large white coalescent area.
The black areas aren't coalescent |
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Emmanuel Eby
Reunion, Saint Leu, 24 March 2004
Variant 4 :
The 8 to 10 black rings (each with a central white and yellow tubercle), bordered with white aren't coalescent. |
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Florence Trentin
Reunion, Saint Leu, 11 May 2004
Variant 5 : The 8 to 10 black rings (each with a central white and yellow tubercle) are included in a large white coalescent area.
The black rings (each with a central white and yellow tubercle) aren't coalescent. |
Erwan Meyer
Reunion, Saint Leu, 27 August 2005
Variant 6 : The 8 to 10 black rings (each with a central white and yellow tubercle) taking shape of a partial black coalescent area bordered with white. |
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Alain-Benoît Rassat
Madagascar, Nosy Bé, Plateau des arches, 17 m, 21 April 2012, size : 50 mm
Variant 7 : The tubercules are yellow and surrounded by a white border. The rest of the mantle is black
Le tubercules sont de couleur jaune et entouré d'une bordure blanche . Le reste du manteau est noir |
Alain-Benoît Rassat
Madagascar, Nosy Bé, 20 m, 1 May 2012,
Variant 8 :
Tubercles yellow, some of them are surrounded by a small ring white and black. In fact a variant 4 with a few white and black marking.
The coat is uniformly yellow. |
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Alain-Benoît Rassat
Madagascar, Nosy Bé,15 m, size : 40 mm
Variant 9 :
The tubercles are orange, the notum is blue with large black longitudinal and transverse spots |
See more about : Sightening and mating periods
See more about : Phyllidia ocellata in association with Brittle star
See more about : Phyllidia ocellata variability in Southwest Indian ocean
Remarks :
Identification confirmed by Bill Rudman
Synonymous (according worms) :
- Phyllidia baccata Pruvol-Fol, 1957 - Phyllidia tuberculata Baba, 1930
- Phyllidia japonica Baba, 1937 - Phyllidiopsis carinata , Eliot, 1910
- Phyllidia ocellata undula Yonow, 1986
Bibliographic data :
There is little ontogenetic variation in external pattern (juveniles resemble the adults), however considerable individual variation in dorsal pattern occurs in this sea slug species.
In Reunion Island we can find six kinds of variants (see upper photos).
Material examined by David J.Brunckhorst ( see references/publications).
30, 28 & 15 mm specimens, Reunion Island, 5-20m depth, 1989, M.Jay
50, 45 & 40 mm specimens, Reunion Island, 1-20m depth, 1987, M.Jay
Other external morphology characteristics
Live specimens ranged in length from 16-70 mm and the average being 39 mm.
The rhinophores of this sea slug are gold in colour, and each rhinophoral clavus possesses 27 to 30 lamellae (specimens greater than 40mm).
The rounded or conical tubercles are usually isolated and may be gold, or white in colour, their surface is often irregular because of the underlying matrix of supporting spicules. Some tubercles are compound in some specimens, but generally they do not coalesce into continuous ridges.
Often the median tubercles appear to line up longitudinally, almost joining as a ridge.
The foot sole is paler towards the margin and lacks any distinctive marking.
Similar species
It appears to be closest in colour to the sea slug Phyllidia flava, but P. flava does not have any black pigmentation.
Phyllidia varicosa , Phyllidia tula , and Phyllidia coelestris have yellow capped tubercles, but all have blue-grey pigmentation and the two ( P. varicosa and P. tula ) have a black stripe on the foot sole.
References :
Bill Rudman Seaslug site : Sea Slug Forum : Phyllidia ocellata
Publications :
Brunckhorst, D.J. (1993) The systematics and phylogeny of Phyllidiid Nudibranchs (Doridoidea). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 16: 1-107.
Other photos of Phyllidia ocellata :
Alain-Benoît Rassat
Madagascar, Nosy Bé, Pterois, 15 m, 14 September 2013 : size 20 mm for the smaller.
Mating between two different pattern variant 1 and variant 8 |
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Florence Trentin Reunion, 13 April 2008
Mating between two different pattern variant 3 and variant 1 |
Maurice Jay Reunion, Cap La Houssaye, 10-20 m.
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Variant 1 |
Variant 2 |
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Emmanuel Eby
Variant 1
Reunion, Saint Leu, 11 May 2004 |
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Florence Trentin
Variant 1
Reunion, Saint Leu
The black areas aren't completely coalescent. |
Sandrine Flodrops
Reunion, "Sec Jaune" at Saint Leu, 15m, 3 November 2008, size : 30 and 45 mm
This seaslug has been reported feeding on the orange sponge Higginsia massalis by Dave Brunckhorst (1993) so it could be this species...
Variant 4 |
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Raphaël Roland Gosselin
Reunion, Les kiosques, Saint Leu, 31 October 2008.
Variant 2 :
Absence of large tubercles and presence
in middle position
of "three ridges " formed by small tubercles
A strange specimen...
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Matthias Deuss
Mayotte, Banc du Boa, Ilots Choizil, 20 m, 2 September 2009, size : 25 mm
.Partial Variant 6 : The 8 to 10 black rings (each with a central white and yellow tubercle) taking shape of a partial black coalescent area bordered with white.
A very tuberculated specimen... |
More photos from Indian Ocean See more about : Phyllidia ocellata in association with Brittle star
See more about : Phyllidia ocellata variability in Southwest Indian ocean
Reunion, two Phyllidia ocellata variant 2 (mating), at Saint Pierre, by Olivier Aubrespin
Reunion, P. ocellata var 4 with numerous small black and white spots, at Saint Leu, by Philibert Bidgrain
Mauritius Island, P. ocellata var 1 without
completely coalescent
black area, at Recif corsaire, by M. Bayon
Mauritius, Phyllidia ocellata variant 4, at Grand Baie, by Mathieu Bayon
Reunion, P. ocellata var 1 with posterior bilateral coalescence, at Saint Gilles, by Fabien Michenet
Mauritius, Phyllidia ocellata variant 4, at Mahebourg, by David Caron
Mauritius, P. ocellata var 4-5 with numerous black and white spots, at Pereybere, by M. Poddubetskaia
Mauritius, Phyllidia ocellata variant 2 with
some black area, at Pereybere , by Marina Poddubetskaia
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata variant 3 with anterior bilateral coalescence, at Saint Leu, by Florence Trentin
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata variant 1 with middle bilateral coalescence, at Saint Leu, by Hugues Flodrops
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata variant 4 with white tiped tubercle, at Saint Leu, by Guillaume Boeye
Reunion, P. ocellata var 1 with large posterior bilateral coalescence, at Saint Leu, by Sophie Darnis
Reunion, heavy bkack coloration in Phyllidia ocellata variant 1, at Saint Gilles, by Alain Martinat
Reunion, symmetric front dorsal view of P. ocellata variant 1, at Saint Paul, by Sebastien Flouvat
Reunion, P. ocellata var 4-5 with numerous black and white spots, at Saint Gilles, by Sophie Darnis
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata variant 4 with white tiped tubercles, at Saint Leu, by Jean Louis Fabry
Mayotte, Phyllidia ocellata variant 4, at Passe en S, by Matthias Deuss
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata var 1 with invasive black area, at Etang salé, by Raphaël Roland Gosselin
Reunion, Phyllidia ocellata partial variant 1, at Saint Paul, by Jean-Marc Ferrand
Seychelles, Phyllidia ocellata variant 2, at Mahé, by Christophe Mason-Parker
Reunion, mating between variant 2 and 3 of Phyllidia ocellata, at Saint Gilles, by Nathalie Rodrigues
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