Gymnodoris citrina  (Bergh, 1877)

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This species has been observed on Reunion, Mauritius, Mayotte, Madagascar and Seychelles Islands


Order : Nudibranchia
Suborder : Euctenidiacea
Superfamily : Polyceroidea
Family : Gymnodorididae
Distribution : Widespread in Indo-West Pacific
Maximal size : 30 mm
Abundance : Frequently on the fore reef zone and the rocky coast

Species characteristics :

This Gymnodoris is translucent white, cream, yellow to orange with small orange-yellow spots all over. Each spot is raised on a short pointed papilla
   The front of the mantle is broadly rounded and bears pointed orange-yellow tubercules.
   The rhinophores have a translucent stalk and lower half of the clavus. The upper half of the clavus is uniformly brown or straw coloured.
    The large and branched gills are translucent white or straw coloured.

Gymnodoris citrina
Showing species characteristics...

Photo Philibert Bidgrain Reunion, Etang salé on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 1 February 2007, size : 18-20 mm

See more about : Sightening and mating periods

See more about : Gymnodoris citrina variability in Southwest Indian ocean

See more about : Gymnodoris citrina excretion

Remarks :

Identification confirmed by Nathalie Yonow
    According N. Yonow "These and all other creamy gymnodorids with little yellow spiky papillae, especially around the head and in a V-shape after the gills, a ring of creamy gills in the Indo-Pacific are all Gymnodoris citrina (Bergh, 1875).  Often it is cited as 1877 but the illustration was published in 1875 and then the text in 1877.
    Other authors considered that there are more than one species, so they separated : G. alba, G. bicolor, G. citrina.
    Synonymous : (according Worms)
               - Trevelyana citrina Bergh, 1877

Bibliographic data :

Some specimens are much more heavily pigmented with orange, with large orange spots, the head almost completely orange and the gills and rhinophores club translucent orange.
    In some specimens two rows of orange-yellow pointed papilla form a slightly asymmetrical V-shaped pattern on either side of the branchiae.
    The front of the mantle is broadly rounded and bears pointed orange-yellow tubercules. When animals are active, these pustules elongate so as to ressemble papillae
    The rhinophores are large and lamellate and situated very closed together on top of the head. They have a translucent stalk and lower half of the clavus. The upper half of the clavus is uniformly brown or straw coloured or tending to olive green. Sometimes the club is tipped with orange. They have 15 vertical lamellae, and a swollen club at the distal end
    The gills which are large and branched form a circle or nearly complete circle around the anus. They are translucent white or straw, cream to yellow coloured. Sometimes there is an orange line on the outer edge of each gills axis
    The black digestive gland becomes clearly visible at the center after the animal has fed.
    The genital aperture is situated on the right side half way between the rhinophores and the gills
    Anterior end of the foot ends in two lobe sensory folds
    It's a voracious predator of other Gymnodoris spp and is also cannibalistic
    Found on shallow intertidal benches to 10m depth

References :

Bill Rudman Seaslug site : Sea Slug Forum : Gymnodoris citrina and G.alba
   Nudipixel Gymnodoris citrina, G. alba and G. bicolor

Publications :

Bergh, L.S.R. (1875). Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: C.G. Semper, Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Band 2, Heft 8 : 315-344, Pls. 40-45
    Gosliner, T.M. & Behrens, D.W. (1997)  Description of four new species of phanerobranch dorids (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the Indo-Pacific, with a redescription of Gymnodoris aurita (Gould, 1852). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 49(9): 287-308
    Yonow, N. (1984). Doridacean Nudibranchs from Sri Lanka, with descriptions of four new species. The Veliger. 26(3) : 214-228

Other photos of Gymnodoris citrina :


Philibert Bidgrain

Réunion, Saint Gilles, less 1m, 19 October 2010, size : 15 mm

With its egg masses ??? We need other observations to confirm...

The shape of the spawn is different than Gymnodoris okinawae spawn


Sonia Ribes Beaudemoulin

Reunion, Trou d’eau lagoon, Saint Gilles, less 1 m, under a rock, 22 March 2008, size : 18-20 mm.

3 specimens found during the same day...

(a) The rhinophores have a translucent stalk and lower half of the clavus. The upper half of the clavus is uniformly brown to straw. They have 15 vertical lamellae, and a swollen club at the distal end

(b) The front of the mantle is broadly rounded and bears pointed orange-yellow tubercules. When animals are active, these pustules elongate so as to ressemble papillae

..


.

Philibert Bidgrain

Mayotte, mtsanga Mboueanatsa, on the reef flat zone, less 1m, 5 August 2008, size : 30 mm

The gills which are large and branched. They are translucent white or straw, cream to yellow coloured.

The front of the mantle is broadly rounded and bears pointed orange-yellow tubercules. When animals are active, these pustules elongate so as to ressemble papillae


Philibert Bidgrain

Mayotte, mtsanga Mboueanatsa, on the reef flat zone, less 1m, 13 October 2008, size : 20 mm

The genital aperture is situated on the right side half way between the rhinophores and the gills. On this photo you can see the genital paplla between the rhinophores and the gills.


Sonia Ribes Beaudemoulin

Reunion, Trou d’eau lagoon, Saint Gilles, less 1 m, under a rock, 22 March 2008, size : 18-20 mm.

In some specimens two rows of orange-yellow pointed papilla form a slightly asymmetrical V-shaped pattern on either side of the branchiae.


Alain Barrére

Reunion, "Le cimetière", Saint Leu lagoon, less 1m, 10 November 2004, size : 10-15 mm

This Gymnodoris is translucent white with small orange-yellow spots all over. Each spot is raised on a short pointed papilla


Eva Fontaine

Mayotte, mtsanga jimaweni, on the reef flat zone, less 1m, 23 October 2008, size : 15 mm

 


Sophie Darnis

Reunion, "Zone saliba" at Saint Gilles, 30m, 1 September 2007, size : 30-35 mm

This Gymnodoris is translucent white, cream, yellow to orange with small orange-yellow spots all over

Sometimes there is an orange line on the outer edge of each gills axis


 

Christophe Cadet

Reunion, Etang salé, on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 2 October 2009, size : 20 mm,

This Gymnodoris is translucent white, cream,yellow to orange with small orange-yellow spots all over


Christophe Cadet

Reunion, Etang salé, on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 4 October 2009

In this specimen the posterior end of the foot is tipped with orange (a)


 

Alain-Benoît Rassat

Madagascar, Patate Sud, Nosy Bé, 5 m, 15 April 2016, size : 40 mm

 


 More photos from Indian Ocean

See more about : Gymnodoris citrina variability in Southwest Indian ocean

See more about : Gymnodoris citrina excretion

Reunion, pale orange form of Gymnodoris citrina, at Etang salé, by Philibert Bidgrain 

Reunion, head details of Gymnodoris citrina, at Etang salé, by Philibert Bidgrain  

Reunion, orange juvenile of Gymnodoris citrina, at Saint Gilles, by Eva Fontaine 

Reunion, small orange form of Gymnodoris citrina, at Etang salé, by Philibert Bidgrain  

Reunion, two Gymnodoris citrina, at Saint Leu, by Eva Fontaine

Reunion, Gymnodoris citrina with its spawn, at Trou d'eau, by Philibert Bidgrain

Reunion, Gymnodoris citrina mating failed, at Etang salé, by Christophe Cadet

Mauritius, Gymnodoris citrina, at Ilot Sancho, by Philibert Bidgrain  

Reunion, head detail of Gymnodoris citrina, at saint Gilles, by Philippe Bourjon

Seychelles, a yellow/orange Gymnodoris citrina, at Mahé, by Christophe Mason-Parker