Phyllodesmium macphersonae (Burn, 1962)

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This species has been observed on Reunion, Mayotte and Madagascar Islands


Order : Nudibranchia
Suborder : Dexiarchia
Superfamily : Aeolidioidea
Family : Facelinidae
Distribution : Indo-West Pacific distribution
Maximal size : 20 mm
Abundance : Seldom if ever on the rocky coast


Species characteristics :

The body and the foot bear numerous brown spots and the pattern is repeated on the foot corners, basal half of the oral tentacles, lower two-thirds of the rhinophores and cerata except for the tip

The upper part of the cerata, oral tentacles and rhinophores are white, often with a diffuse yellow band

The general body colour is translucent with in some specimen a blue purple sheen more or less intense

Phyllodesmium macphersonae
Showing species characteristics...

Photo Sully Bachel
Reunion, Ravine des Avirons, 10 m, 29 December 2009, size : 12 mm

See more about : Sightening and mating periods
   See more about : Phyllodesmium phylogeny by Moore & Gosliner, 2009
    See more about : Phyllodesmium ceratal arrangement by Rudman, 1991
    See more about : Ceratal structure in Phyllodesmium by Rudman, 1991

Remarks :

Identification confirmed by Nathalie Yonow
    Synonymous : (according Worms)
               - Cratena macphersonae (burn, 1962)

Bibliographic data :

The body is translucent with scattered microscopic iridescent patches giving a bluish-purple sheen (may be very important in some specimen,see nudipixel..or Sea slug Forum..) to the body in certain lights.
    Below the white/yellow tip of the cerata, oral tentacles and rhinophores, is a translucent, blue or purplish zone with sometimes scattered white patches
    This is a small aeolid nudibranch with a long and slender body.
    The cerata are arranged in up to nine clusters in symmetrical pairs. They are relatively large, long, curved, circular and smooth
    The anterior foot corners are wedged-shaped and enlarge
    The tail is long and the tip is pointed
    The oral tentacles are extremely long and tapering, and their tips are pointed
    The smooth rhinophores are long and they taper to a round tip
    When it is irritated the cerata are immediately autotomised

Species of Phyllodesmium usually feed on octocorals and many retain, and keep functioning in their bodies, symbiotic zooxanthellae from the octocorals they feed on. We do not know what P. macphersonae feeds on, but its anatomy shows many adaptations for "farming" zooxanthellae in its body. The brown patches which form such a prominent element of its colour pattern are in fact "gardens of zooxanthellae", arranged in special branches of the digestive system, so that they are able to get sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

References :

Bill Rudman Seaslug site : Sea Slug Forum : Phyllodesmium macphersonae
   Nudipixel Phyllodesmium macphersonae

Publications :

Burn, R.F. (1962) Descriptions of Victorian nudibranchiate mollusca, with a comprehensive review of the Eolidacea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 25: 95-128.
    Rudman, W.B. (1981) The anatomy and biology of alcyonarian feeding aeolid opisthobranch molluscs and their development of symbiosis with zooxanthellae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72 : 219-262.
    Rudman, W.B. (1991) Further studies on the taxonomy and biology of the octocoral-feeding genus Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 57(2) : 167-203.

Other photos of Phyllodesmium macphersonae :


Barbara Bini

Madagascar, Nosy bé, 20 m, 13 October 2017, size : 15 mm

 


Sully Bachel

Reunion, Ravine des Avirons, 10 m, 29 December 2009, size : 12 mm

Body and foot bear numerous brown spots (a) and the pattern is repeated on the foot corners, basal half of the oral tentacles, lower two-thirds of the rhinophores and cerata except for the tip

The upper part of the cerata (b), oral tentacles (c) and rhinophores (d) are white.

Below the white tip of the cerata, oral tentacles and rhinophores, is a translucent to bluish zone with scaterred white patches (e)


Philibert Bidgrain

Mayotte, Mtsanga Tanaraki, less 1 m, 25 Jully 2010, size : 10-12 mm

Small cerata in regeneration (a)

 


Philibert Bidgrain

Mayotte, Mtsanga Tanaraki, less 1 m, 8 August 2012, size : 12 mm

 


 More photos from Indian Ocean

See more about : Phyllodesmium phylogeny by Moore & Gosliner, 2009

See more about : Phyllodesmium ceratal arrangement by Rudman, 1991

See more about : Ceratal structure in Phyllodesmium by Rudman, 1991

Mayotte, Phyllodesmium macphersonae in front view, at Tanaraki, by Philibert Bidgrain