Aplysia parvula     Mörch, 1863

Version française...

This species has been observed on Reunion, Mauritius, Mayotte and Madagascar Islands


Order : Anaspidea
Superfamily : Aplysioidea
Family : Aplysiidae
Distribution : World-wide distribution in tropical to warm temperate waters
Maximal size : 80 mm
Abundance : From time to time on the fore reef zone

Species characteristics :

Tiny white dot form :
   - The color can be extremely variable, depending upon diet but is always in shades of pale brown or green, speckled with white.
   - The parapodia edge ranges in colour from black to pale blue.
   - The tips of tentacles are usually darker than the background colour
   - And a large mantle foramen

Aplysia parvula
Showing species characteristics...

Photo Philibert Bidgrain
Reunion, "Kelonia center", at Saint Leu, 8 December 2006, size : 30 mm

Aplysia parvula

Marina Poddubetskaia

Mayotte, Passe en S, buoy n° 3, 3-4 m, 5 November 2003, size : 15 mm

Showing species characteristics...

Brown orange to dark brown form :
   - Most usually black but sometimes a very dark brown or in some case brown-orange.
   - This tiny Aplysia has a cream, blue, red or pink rim to the parapodia, rhinophores and oral tentacles
   - And a large mantle foramen

Sophie Darnis

Showing species characteristics...

Reunion, La Barge, Saint Paul, 24 m, 7 November 2009, size : 20-25 mm

Large white spots form :
   - The color is always in shades of pale brown or green, dotted with large white spots
   - This seaslug has a thin black then large blue rim to the parapodia, rhinophores, foot border and oral tentacles
   - And a large mantle foramen

Aplysia parvula

Aplysia parvula

Christophe Cadet

Showing species characteristics...

Reunion, Etang salé, on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 9 February 2010, size : 10 mm

Pink and black form :
   - The color is always in shade on pink with marks of brown under the eyes
   - This Aplysia has a black rim to the parapodia, rhinophores and oral tentacles with a thin white edge
   - And a large mantle foramen

See more about : Aplysia parvula variability in Southwest Indian ocean
   See more about : Sightening and mating periods

Remarks :

Identification confirmed by Bill Rudman and Nathalie Yonow
   Synonymous : (according Worms)
          - Veryu numerous synonymous, see worms

Bibliographic data :

This seaslug has the typical oral tentacles at the front of the head, on either side of the mouth and the smaller rhinophores just above the eyes
    Parapodia enlarged, upstanding and strongly undulated, originating separately anteriorly and meeting as a low rim on the tail
    The parapodia enclose the mantle cavity in which the fragile plate-like shell is found.
    There is a large black-edged hole (foramen) in the middle of the mantle, through which we can see the shiny brown shell. In most species of sea hare the foramen is very small, often reduced to a pore on the tip of a slightly raised papilla.
    In juveniles, the shell is completely external, like in a snail. As they grow, the mantle tissue from inside the shell extends out from under the shell and folds over gradually covering much of the upper surface.
    There has been a lot of interesting research on feeding in this species and it seems that some species of red algae are preferred over others, and the preferred ones contain metabolites which are stored by the sea hares for their own defense
    Emits purple dye when disturbed.
    They lay a tangled, greenish-brown egg mass. The eggs hatch in about seven days in the laboratory.

Material examined by Nathalie Yonow ( see reference/publications).

Mauritius, Tamarin, reef flat zonz  ; 9 October 1985 ; 4 specimens : 8, 11, 20 and 30 mm.

References :

Bill Rudman Seaslug site : Sea Slug Forum : Aplysia parvula
    Nudipixel Aplysia parvula

Publications :

Morch, O.A.L. (1863). Contributions a la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises. Journal de Conchyliologie 11 : 21-43.
    Yonow, N. and Hayward , P. J. (1991). Opistobranches de l'île Maurice, avec la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Mollusca : Opistobranchia) Revue française d'aquariologie herpétologie, 18 (1), 1-30

Other photos of Aplysia parvula :


Christophe Cadet

Réunion, Etang salé, on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 24 October 2010, size : 15 mm

An original pattern, large white spotss with tiny white dots


Philibert Bidgrain

Reunion, Hermitage lagoon, less 1 m, 24 September 2010, size : 15 mm for the larger

Probably a Mating behavior...


Philibert Bidgrain

Reunion, "Kelonia center", at Saint Leu, 8 December 2006, size : 30 mm

A tiny white dot form :

Between the two parapodia (a), there is a very large hole or foramen in the mantle (b) , through which we can see, and touch, the brownish shell (c).


 

Alain Barrére

Reunion, "Souris blanche" lagoon at Trois Bassins, less 1 m, 4 November 2006, size : 10-20 mm

A tiny white dot form :

with :
   - a pale brown coloration
   - a pale blue marginal edge
   - a large foramen lined with dark brown


Marina Poddubetskaia

Mayotte, "Passe Bandrélé", Bandrélé, 8 m, 11 November 2003, size : 15 mm

A tiny white dot form :

with :
   - a reddish coloration of the mantle.
   - a dark brown/blue marginal edge
   - a large foramen lined with dark brown



Sully Bachel

Reunion, La Barge, Saint Paul, 24 m, 23 October 2009, size : 20-25 mm

The same specimen than Sophie Darnis, but two weeks before....

A large white spots form :
   - This seaslug has a thin black then large blue rim to the parapodia (a), rhinophores (b), foot border (c) and oral tentacles (d)


 

 

Marina Poddubetskaia

Mayotte, "Passe Bandrélé", Bandrélé, 9 m, 11 November 2003, size : 12 mm

A large white spots form :

- The color is in shades of pale brown, dotted with large white spots


 

 

Marina Poddubetskaia

Mauritius, "Jardin de Corail", Pereybère, 17 m, 18 October 2002, size : 15 mm

Dark brown form :

   - This tiny Aplysia has a white/cream rim to the parapodia, rhinophores and oral tentacles


Florence Trentin

Mohéli, Sambia, 13 October 2006, size : 10-12 mm

Dark brown form :

- This tiny Aplysia has a blue rim to the parapodia, rhinophores and oral tentacles


Marina Poddubetskaia

Most specimens from Mayotte of Aplysia parvula found by Marina were found inside this red alga.

There has been a lot of interesting research on feeding in this species and it seems that some species of red algae are preferred over others, and the preferred ones contain metabolites which are stored by the sea hares for their own defense


Christophe Cadet

Réunion, Etang salé, on the rocky coast, less 1 m, 19 Octobrer 2012, size : 10 mm

Pattern brown-orange :

An original pattern for this species in our area.


 More photos from Indian Ocean

See more about : Aplysia parvula variability in Southwest Indian ocean

Reunion, Aplysia parvula take off, at Saint Leu, by Philibert Bidgrain

Reunion, a dark brown form of Aplysia parvula, at Saint Paul, by Sophie Darnis

Mauritius, dark brown form with blue margin of A. parvula, at Pereybère, by Marina Poddubetskaia

Mayotte, dark brown form with blue margin of Aplysia parvula, at N'gouja, by Marina Poddubetskaia

Mayotte, juvenile of A. parvula with partially external shell, at Passe en S, by Marina Poddubetskaia 

Reunion, dark brown form of Aplysia parvula, at Etang salé, by Christophe Cadet  

Reunion, pink and black pattern of Aplysia parvula, at Etang salé, by Christophe Cadet 

Reunion, pink and black pattern of Aplysia parvula without thin white edge, at Etang salé, by Christophe Cadet  

Reunion, head detail of Aplysia parvula tiny white dot form, at Etang salé, by Philibert Bidgrain  

Madagascar, Aplysia parvula, at Nosy Bé, by Alain-Benoît Rassat